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function wp_img_tag_add_loading_optimization_attrs( $image, $context ) {
	$width             = preg_match( '/ width=["\']([0-9]+)["\']/', $image, $match_width ) ? (int) $match_width[1] : null;
	$height            = preg_match( '/ height=["\']([0-9]+)["\']/', $image, $match_height ) ? (int) $match_height[1] : null;
	$loading_val       = preg_match( '/ loading=["\']([A-Za-z]+)["\']/', $image, $match_loading ) ? $match_loading[1] : null;
	$fetchpriority_val = preg_match( '/ fetchpriority=["\']([A-Za-z]+)["\']/', $image, $match_fetchpriority ) ? $match_fetchpriority[1] : null;
	$decoding_val      = preg_match( '/ decoding=["\']([A-Za-z]+)["\']/', $image, $match_decoding ) ? $match_decoding[1] : null;

	/*
	 * Get loading optimization attributes to use.
	 * This must occur before the conditional check below so that even images
	 * that are ineligible for being lazy-loaded are considered.
	 */
	$optimization_attrs = wp_get_loading_optimization_attributes(
		'img',
		array(
			'width'         => $width,
			'height'        => $height,
			'loading'       => $loading_val,
			'fetchpriority' => $fetchpriority_val,
			'decoding'      => $decoding_val,
		),
		$context
	);

	// Images should have source for the loading optimization attributes to be added.
	if ( ! str_contains( $image, ' src="' ) ) {
		return $image;
	}

	if ( empty( $decoding_val ) ) {
		/**
		 * Filters the `decoding` attribute value to add to an image. Default `async`.
		 *
		 * Returning a falsey value will omit the attribute.
		 *
		 * @since 6.1.0
		 *
		 * @param string|false|null $value      The `decoding` attribute value. Returning a falsey value
		 *                                      will result in the attribute being omitted for the image.
		 *                                      Otherwise, it may be: 'async', 'sync', or 'auto'. Defaults to false.
		 * @param string            $image      The HTML `img` tag to be filtered.
		 * @param string            $context    Additional context about how the function was called
		 *                                      or where the img tag is.
		 */
		$filtered_decoding_attr = apply_filters(
			'wp_img_tag_add_decoding_attr',
			isset( $optimization_attrs['decoding'] ) ? $optimization_attrs['decoding'] : false,
			$image,
			$context
		);

		// Validate the values after filtering.
		if ( isset( $optimization_attrs['decoding'] ) && ! $filtered_decoding_attr ) {
			// Unset `decoding` attribute if `$filtered_decoding_attr` is set to `false`.
			unset( $optimization_attrs['decoding'] );
		} elseif ( in_array( $filtered_decoding_attr, array( 'async', 'sync', 'auto' ), true ) ) {
			$optimization_attrs['decoding'] = $filtered_decoding_attr;
		}

		if ( ! empty( $optimization_attrs['decoding'] ) ) {
			$image = str_replace( '<img', '<img decoding="' . esc_attr( $optimization_attrs['decoding'] ) . '"', $image );
		}
	}

	// Images should have dimension attributes for the 'loading' and 'fetchpriority' attributes to be added.
	if ( ! str_contains( $image, ' width="' ) || ! str_contains( $image, ' height="' ) ) {
		return $image;
	}

	// Retained for backward compatibility.
	$loading_attrs_enabled = wp_lazy_loading_enabled( 'img', $context );

	if ( empty( $loading_val ) && $loading_attrs_enabled ) {
		/**
		 * Filters the `loading` attribute value to add to an image. Default `lazy`.
		 *
		 * Returning `false` or an empty string will not add the attribute.
		 * Returning `true` will add the default value.
		 *
		 * @since 5.5.0
		 *
		 * @param string|bool $value   The `loading` attribute value. Returning a falsey value will result in
		 *                             the attribute being omitted for the image.
		 * @param string      $image   The HTML `img` tag to be filtered.
		 * @param string      $context Additional context about how the function was called or where the img tag is.
		 */
		$filtered_loading_attr = apply_filters(
			'wp_img_tag_add_loading_attr',
			isset( $optimization_attrs['loading'] ) ? $optimization_attrs['loading'] : false,
			$image,
			$context
		);

		// Validate the values after filtering.
		if ( isset( $optimization_attrs['loading'] ) && ! $filtered_loading_attr ) {
			// Unset `loading` attributes if `$filtered_loading_attr` is set to `false`.
			unset( $optimization_attrs['loading'] );
		} elseif ( in_array( $filtered_loading_attr, array( 'lazy', 'eager' ), true ) ) {
			/*
			 * If the filter changed the loading attribute to "lazy" when a fetchpriority attribute
			 * with value "high" is already present, trigger a warning since those two attribute
			 * values should be mutually exclusive.
			 *
			 * The same warning is present in `wp_get_loading_optimization_attributes()`, and here it
			 * is only intended for the specific scenario where the above filtered caused the problem.
			 */
			if ( isset( $optimization_attrs['fetchpriority'] ) && 'high' === $optimization_attrs['fetchpriority'] &&
				( isset( $optimization_attrs['loading'] ) ? $optimization_attrs['loading'] : false ) !== $filtered_loading_attr &&
				'lazy' === $filtered_loading_attr
			) {
				_doing_it_wrong(
					__FUNCTION__,
					__( 'An image should not be lazy-loaded and marked as high priority at the same time.' ),
					'6.3.0'
				);
			}

			// The filtered value will still be respected.
			$optimization_attrs['loading'] = $filtered_loading_attr;
		}

		if ( ! empty( $optimization_attrs['loading'] ) ) {
			$image = str_replace( '<img', '<img loading="' . esc_attr( $optimization_attrs['loading'] ) . '"', $image );
		}
	}

	if ( empty( $fetchpriority_val ) && ! empty( $optimization_attrs['fetchpriority'] ) ) {
		$image = str_replace( '<img', '<img fetchpriority="' . esc_attr( $optimization_attrs['fetchpriority'] ) . '"', $image );
	}

	return $image;
}